Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute

 
Research
Climate change in East Africa
Much of Tanzania (Region 5)
23 August 2007
Long-term fluctuations
Austral summer (November-April)
In this area, a mixture of regimes (both uni- and bi-modal) are found. However, a plot of the annual cycle places the peak during austral summer months, implying that a larger proportion of the grids belong to the unimodal regime. The time series plot show that above-average short-rains fell during much of the 20th century. The period from the 1960s was particularly wettest (~1σ wetter than average). A continuation of the wetter conditions is implied by the models' projection of a statistically significant upward trend persisting throughout the 21st century.
Region 5 austral summer precipitation differences from the 1901-1950 mean [σ] with a ten-year running mean in observations (black bars) and selected climate models. The blue line shows the multi-model ensemble mean. The darker (lighter) shading show 1σ (2σ) from the mean.

Region 5 precipitation differences (σ) from the 1901-1950 mean in twelve GCM simulations.
Annual cycle
Albeit overestimating the rainfall amounts, the models capture the observed pattern of the 20th century annual cycle reasonably well. In some models, November (the start of the rainy season) is drier in the future than in the present climate. An exception being the HadGEM1, models unanimously project an increase in mean monthly precipitation during austral summer months. The magnitudes of the simulated increases are particularly high (~2mm/day) in the MRI CGCM2.3.2 and CGCM3.1 models. In general, all summer months are likely to become wetter though a slight delay in the rainfall onset can not be ruled out.
Region 5 annual cycle. The observations are shown by bars. Model simulated annual cycle is shown by the dotted line (open diamond) for the 20th century (around 2100). For each model, the line segment displays the simulated deviation (from 20th century) in mean monthly rainfall. Positive (negative) deviations are indicated by line segments pointing upwards (downwards) from the dotted line.

Region 5 annual cycle.